Scripture Daily

Context No. 116 of 4322 · Sirach

Context · Reflection

Sirach 12:1-18: in context

1If you do good, know to whom you do it, and your good deeds will have thanks. 2Do good to a godly man, and you will find a reward— if not from him, then from the Most High. 3No good will come to him who continues to do evil, nor to him who gives no alms. 4Give to the godly man, and don’t help the sinner. 5Do good to one who is lowly. Don’t give to an ungodly man. Keep back his bread, and don’t give it to him, lest he subdue you with it; for you would receive twice as much evil for all the good you would have done to him. 6For the Most High also hates sinners, and will repay vengeance to the ungodly. 7Give to the good man, and don’t help the sinner. 8A man’s friend won’t be fully tried in prosperity. His enemy won’t be hidden in adversity. 9In a man’s prosperity, his enemies are grieved. In his adversity, even his friend leaves. 10Never trust your enemy, for his wickedness is like corrosion in copper. 11Though he humbles himself and walks bowed down, still be careful and beware of him. You will be to him as one who has wiped a mirror, to be sure it doesn’t completely tarnish. 12Don’t set him next to you, lest he overthrow you and stand in your place. Don’t let him sit on your right hand, lest he seek to take your seat, and at the last you acknowledge my words, and be pricked with my sayings. 13Who will pity a charmer that is bitten by a snake, or any who come near wild beasts? 14Even so, who will pity him who goes to a sinner, and is associated with him in his sins? 15For a while he will stay with you, and if you falter, he will not stay. 16The enemy will speak sweetly with his lips, and in his heart plan to throw you into a pit. The enemy may weep with his eyes, but if he finds opportunity, he will want more blood. 17If adversity meets you, you will find him there before you. Pretending to help you, he will trip you. 18He will shake his head, clap his hands, whisper much, and change his countenance.

Ben Sira wrote his book of wisdom in Jerusalem around 180 BC, and this passage is among his least comfortable. It is advice about who deserves your generosity, and it says plainly: know to whom you are doing good.

His counsel is to give to the devout and withhold from the wicked. Give to the humble, he says, and do not help the sinner, hold back his bread, because you will receive twice as much evil for the good you do him. He is not describing charity as we usually frame it. He is describing patronage in a world where a gift created an obligation and a debt could be used against you, and where helping the wrong man could arm him.

The second half explains the anxiety. An enemy speaks sweetly with his lips while planning how to throw you into a pit, and he will weep with his eyes and, given the chance, will not be satisfied with your blood. If trouble comes, he will be there first, pretending to help. Never trust your enemy, Ben Sira says, and keep watch even when he humbles himself. This is scripture recording hard-won caution, not a command to be stingy. Where has my generosity actually been funding something, and can I tell the difference between being open-handed and being used?

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