Context No. 684 of 4322 · Numbers
Context · Reflection
Numbers 31:17-24: in context
17Now therefore kill every male among the little ones, and kill every woman who has known man by lying with him. 18But all the girls, who have not known man by lying with him, keep alive for yourselves. 19“Encamp outside of the camp for seven days. Whoever has killed any person, and whoever has touched any slain, purify yourselves on the third day and on the seventh day, you and your captives. 20You shall purify every garment, and all that is made of skin, and all work of goats’ hair, and all things made of wood.” 21Eleazar the priest said to the men of war who went to the battle, “This is the statute of the law which the LORD has commanded Moses. 22However the gold, and the silver, the bronze, the iron, the tin, and the lead, 23everything that may withstand the fire, you shall make to go through the fire, and it shall be clean; nevertheless it shall be purified with the water for impurity. All that doesn’t withstand the fire you shall make to go through the water. 24You shall wash your clothes on the seventh day, and you shall be clean. Afterward you shall come into the camp.”
This is the aftermath of the war against Midian, the campaign ordered because Midianite women had drawn Israel into the worship at Peor and a plague that killed twenty-four thousand. The soldiers have come back with the women and children as captives, and Moses is furious, because those women were the ones from Peor. His order is one of the hardest things in the Bible to read. Kill every male among the little ones, and kill every woman who has slept with a man; keep alive for yourselves only the girls who have not. There is no way to soften it, and the text does not try. It is a command to put children and women to the sword.
What sits right next to it is stranger still. The very next lines are about ritual purity. Because the soldiers and their captives have touched the dead, they must stay outside the camp seven days and purify themselves on the third day and the seventh; every garment and skin and piece of wood must be cleansed, and the metal passed through fire. The chapter moves without a break from ordering death to worrying about the defilement of touching the dead. It records a people scrupulous about contact with a corpse in the same breath as it records them making corpses. This is the Bible, and it is what it is; it does not clean the scene up for us.
The passage is careful about ritual defilement in the same moment it deals out death. Where am I fastidious about the small contaminations, while my hands are busy with something far worse?
Sources
- Numbers 25: the apostasy at Peor and the plague of twenty-four thousand, the reason given for this war
- Numbers 31:19-24: the purification laws for contact with the dead, set immediately after the killing
- Numbers 19:11-22: the water for impurity, the rite of cleansing from touching a corpse invoked here